Tổng hợp các công trình nghiên cứu bệnh Chagas

Theo Tổ chức Y tế thế giới (WHO. 2012), Bệnh Chagas (Chagas disease, Chagas maladie) là căn bệnh có tiềm năng gây chết người do đơn bào Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) được tìm thấy chủ yếu tại châu Mỹ, nơi hầu như sự lan truyền sang con người qua đường phân của các con bọ triatomine hay ‘kissing bugs’tùy thuộc vào vùng địa lý.

Hiện nay bệnh Chagas đang nổi lên như một vấn đề y tế công cộng nghiêm trọng và thách thức mới đối với sức khỏe cộng đồng, đặc biệt là ở châu Mỹ Latinh với sự lây lan giống như những năm đầu của đại dịch HIV/AIDS. Cảnh báo mới nhất về các bệnh nhiệt đới bị lãng quên (Neglected tropical diseases_NTDs) vào năm 2012 được đăng tải trên tạp chí khoa học cộng cộng PloS, Hoa Kỳ cho rằng Chagas là một “dịch HIV/AIDS mới của châu Mỹ”.Hơn nữa, tại các quốc gia đang lưu hành bệnh Chagas còn có nhiều người đồng nhiễm với các tác nhân gây bệnh khác như vi khuẩn, vi rrus, ký sinh trùng và đơn bào khiến gánh nặng bệnh tật ngày càng gia tăng với hàng triệu ca mắc và hàng ngàn ca tử vong mỗi năm. Theo ước tính của WHO, có khoảng 99 triệu người bị ảnh hưởng trực tiếp bởi các bệnh nhiệt đới bị lãng quên, nhất là những người có thu nhập thấp dưới 2 đô la/ngày chủ yếu ở các quốc gia thuộc Trung Mỹ, Nam Mỹ, Mexico và nhiều quốc gia vùng Caribbean gây ra gánh nặng bệnh tật gần tương đương hoặc thậm chí vượt xa so với đại dịch HIV/AIDS.

Chu kỳ phát triển và lây truyền bệnh Chagas (nguồn TDR)

Theo WHO, bệnh Chagas là bệnh do vector truyền và là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong và để lại di chứng, hiện nay có khoảng 10 triệu người sống chung với bệnh Chagas chủ yếu ở khu vực Mỹ Latin và hơn 25 triệu người có nguy cơ mắc bệnh. Năm 2008 có gần 10.000 ca tử vong là một trong các bệnh nhiệt đới bị lãng quên phổ biến nhất, ảnh hưởng đến hàng triệu người trong khu vực, một tỷ lệ mắc bệnh vượt khá xa so với bệnh do giun móc và các bệnh giun sán truyền qua đất khác. Dưới đây Ban biên tập tổng hợp các công trình nghiên cứu về bệnh Chagas để giúp bạn đọc quan tâm tham khảo.

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